Phase angle and anthropometric indicators of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.

RATIONALE/OBJECTIVE: The phase angle (PhA) is a measurement obtained from the resistance and reactance found in the bioelectrical impedance examination and is useful in assessing nutritional status and in assessing cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, the objective was to correlate the phase angle to the anthropometric variables of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and PhA of 1231 children and adolescents aged between 5 and 18 years were assessed. PhA was assessed in tertiles and CMR was identified using the anthropometric variables BMI, WC, NC, and WHtR. Linear regression models were used to verify the association between PhA tertiles and CMR anthropometric variables, stratified by sex. RESULTS: No relationship was found between PhA and CMR variables in children. In adolescents, lower values of NC (ß = -0.019, p = 0.005) and BMI (ß = -0.025, p = 0.023) were found in boys, WC (ß = -0.017, p = 0.020), WHtR (ß = -0.017, p = 0.020), NC (ß = -0.011, p = 0.027) and BMI (ß = -0.026, p = 0.009) in girls when they were in tertile 1 when compared to tertile 3 of the PhA, even after adjusting for age. CONCLUSION: The PhA was directly associated with CMR in the assessed adolescents.

Cardiometabolic risk assessment: A school-based study in Brazilian adolescent.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recently, new indices combining routine and low-cost anthropometric and biochemical measurements have emerged. Among them, the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are being investigated for the prediction of altered blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether visceral adiposity index (VAI) and height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP) are predictors of cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were obtained from the Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) study, a cross-sectional, national, multicenter, school-based survey conducted between 2013 and 2014 in Brazil. The sample consisted of 37,815 adolescents aged 12-17 years of both genders attending the last 3 years of elementary or secondary school from public and private schools located in 273 municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. A Poisson regression was performed to verify associations between VAI and HLAP indices and the presence of altered BP and IR according to sex. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied to compare the predictive ability and determine the cut-off points of the VAI and HLAP indices in identifying cardiometabolic risk obtained by altered BP and IR. The prevalences of altered BP and IR were 24.49 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 23.14-25.87) and 24.22 % (95 % CI: 22.70-25.80), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The VAI and HLAP indices are good predictors of cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents. HLAP showed better performance in identifying insulin resistance in males.

Enfrentamento e estigmatização do obeso mórbido / Coping and stigmatization of the morbidly obese / Enfrentamiento y estigmatización del obeso mórbido

Objetivo: Compreender o enfrentamento do obeso mórbido em situações do cotidiano e estilo de vida. Métodos: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica, realizada no setor de endocrinologia e cirurgia bariátrica de hospital terciário de referência no Ceará, com 22 obesos mórbidos, no período de dezembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Utilizou-se para a pesquisa pacientes maiores de 18 anos com IMC ≥40kg/m². A obtenção dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista com informações sociodemográficas, seguida de entrevista fenomenológica a partir da pergunta norteadora: como você se percebe na sociedade como obeso mórbido? Resultados: O grupo constituiu-se de 22 participantes, com média de idade de 44,1± 7,67 anos. Do total, 15 (68,1%) residiam no interior do estado, dez (45,4%) possuíam ensino médio completo, e 13 (59%) eram casados. As categorias que emergiram dos discursos deram-se enquanto: o preconceito da sociedade; dieta como modo de vida ou sacrifício?; a moda como um vilão para o obeso. Discutiram-se os relatos a partir do olhar fenomenológico de Merleau- Ponty. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a complexidade da intervenção sobre a obesidade diante de uma situação que envolve inúmerasquestões biológicas, psicológicas e sociais. As formas de enfretamento perpassaram por sentimentos de vergonha, desânimo,motivação para terapias e raiva.

Objective: To understand morbidly obese individuals' coping with everyday situations and lifestyle. Methods: A qualitative research was conducted using a phenomenological approach at the endocrinology and bariatric surgery sector of a reference tertiary hospital in Ceará with 22 morbidly obese individuals from December 2018 to February 2019. Research participants were over 18 years old and had a BMI ≥40kg/m². Data were collected through an interview to collect sociodemographic information, followed by a phenomenological interview based on the guiding question: how do you perceive yourself in society as morbidly obese? Results: The group consisted of 22 participants with a mean age of 44.1±7.67 years. Of the total, 15 (68.1%) lived in the countryside of the state, ten (45.4%) had completed secondary education, and 13 (59%) were married. The categories that emerged from the reports were: society's prejudice; diet as a way of life or sacrifice?; fashion as a villain for the obese. The reports were discussed from the phenomenological point of view of Merleau-Ponty. Conclusion: The complexity of intervention on obesity is highlighted in a situation that involves numerous biological, psychological and social issues. The ways of coping ranged from feelings of shame to discouragement to motivation for therapies and anger

Objetivo: Comprender el enfrentamiento del obeso mórbido en situaciones del cotidiano y su estilo de vida. Métodos: Investigación de naturaleza cualitativa y de abordaje fenomenológica realizada en el sector de endocrinología y cirugía bariátrica del hospital terciario de referencia de Ceará con 22 obesos mórbidos, en el período entre diciembre de 2018 y febrero de 2019. Para la investigación se utilizó los pacientes con más de 18 años y el IMC ≥40kg/m². La obtención de los datos se dio a través de entrevista con informaciones sociodemográficas, seguida de la entrevista fenomenológica a partir de la pregunta norteadora: ¿cómo te ves en la sociedad como una persona con obesidad mórbida? Resultados: El grupo tenía 22 participantes con media de edad de 44,1± 7,67 años. Del total de participantes, 15 (68,1%) vivían en el campo, diez (45,4%) tenían educación básica completa y 13 (59%) eran casados. Las categorías que emergieron de los discursos fueron: el prejuicio de la sociedad; ¿la dieta como modo de vida o sacrificio?; la moda como el villano para el obeso. Se ha discutido los relatos a partir de la mirada fenomenológica de Merleau-Ponty. Conclusión: Se destaca la complejidad de la intervención sobre la obesidad ante una situación que tiene inúmeras cuestiones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales. Las formas de enfrentamiento pasan por sentimientos de vergüenza, desanimo, la motivación para las terapias y la rabia.

As repercussões da gravidez no cotidiano de uma mulher / The Repercussions of Pregnancy in a Woman's Everyday

Objetivo: Descrever as repercussões da gravidez no cotidiano de uma mulher. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas 25 gestantes entre 20 e 24 semanas de gestação, atendidas em uma instituição na cidade de Fortaleza (CE). A coleta de dados foi por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram criadas nuvens de palavras para as categorias, utilizando-se o software NVivo 11. Resultados: A análise comparativa constante permitiu a construção de duas categorias: "impacto da gravidez nas atividades diárias" e "peso corporal da gestação na moda feminina". A primeira categoria demonstrou o impacto do aumento do tamanho corporal da gestante diante das atividades comuns do dia a dia, a dificuldade para realizar certas atividades, a sobrecarga das articulações e o cansaço relacionado ao aumento do volume corporal na gestação. Os resultados da segunda categoria mostraram que as mudanças gestacionais impactam nas escolhas de vestimenta das mulheres, sendo relatadas as dificuldades para aquisição de um novo vestuário durante esta fase, a procura por lojas especializadas em moda gestante e o reaproveitamento de peças existentes com necessidade de possíveis ajustes. Conclusão: Neste estudo, possibilitou-se a análise dos sentidos atribuídos às mudanças corporais pelas gestantes e observou-se que as transformações gestacionais repercutem diretamente na realização de atividades cotidianas e nas escolhas de vestimenta de mulheres grávidas, demonstrando inúmeras dificuldades a serem compreendidas e enfrentadas durante este período.

Objective: To describe the repercussions of pregnancy on a woman's daily life. Methods: Exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Twenty-five pregnant women were interviewed between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation, attended at an institution in the city of Fortaleza (CE). Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews that were submitted to the content analysis technique. Word clouds were created for the categories, using the software NVivo 11. Results: The constant comparative analysis allowed the construction of two categories: "impact of pregnancy on daily activities" and "body weight of pregnancy on women's fashion". The first category demonstrated the impact of the increase in body size of the pregnant woman facing common daily activities, the difficulty to perform certain activities, the overload of the joints and the tiredness related to the increase in body volume in pregnancy. The results of the second category showed that gestational changes impact women's clothing choices, with difficulties reported for the acquisition of new clothing during this phase, the search for stores specializing in pregnant fashion and the reuse of existing pieces in need of possible adjustments. Conclusion: The study made it possible to analyze the meanings attributed to the body changes by pregnant women and it was observed that gestational changes have a direct impact on the performance of daily activities and on the clothing choices of pregnant women, demonstrating numerous difficulties to be understood and faced during this period.